| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Sfeka d'yoma ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Sfeka d'yoma
''Sfeka d'yoma'' (Talmudic Aramaic: ספיקא דיומא, lit. "doubt about the day", or doubt regarding the exact date of the day〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=GLOSSARY / DEFINITIONS / SPELLING )〕) is a concept and legal principle in Jewish law which explains why some Jewish holidays are celebrated for one day in the Land of Israel but for two days outside the Land.〔 The implications of ''sfeka d'yoma'' are discussed in Rosh Hashanah 21a and in the commentaries and poskim.
==Background==
Before the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, and prior to the permanent establishment or "fixing" of the Hebrew solar-lunar calendar, the onset of each month, known as Rosh Chodesh ((ヘブライ語:ראש חדש), lit. "head/start of the month/new moon") was declared by the Sanhedrin. This declaration was crucially important, as it affected the dates on which the holidays in that month would occur. The Sanhedrin would declare a new month only after accepting the testimony of two witnesses who attested to the sighting of the new moon. If the witnesses were contradicted, or not enough witnesses came forth, the Sanhedrin would convene on the following day to receive testimony.
Upon accepting the testimony of two witnesses, the Sanhedrin would sanctify the new month. Messengers would then be sent throughout the Land of Israel, and bonfires lit on high places, to let everyone know the correct date of the new moon. While this system insured that Jews living in Israel would immediately know the date of the new month and, by extension, the dates of the holidays that fell in that month, the news would travel slower to Jews living outside the Land – particularly in Babylonia, where there was a large Jewish population following the destruction of the First Temple and during the era of the Second Temple. Hence, the dates on which the Jewish holidays would occur in each month would be uncertain until such time as every community would know exactly when the new month had been declared by the Sanhedrin.
Since there was doubt about which day to observe the holidays, it was established that the holiday, or Yom Tov, be celebrated on two days rather than one. Based on the nature of the start of the lunar months, there could evidently be a margin of error of only one day.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Sfeka d'yoma」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|